Linear Swell Meter is used to test the hydration and swelling characteristics of clay shale under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions and to evaluate the optimal anti-collapse drilling formulas. Proper drilling fluid can restrain the collapse of borehole wall and improve the stability of borehole, so it is very important to explore the swelling characteristics of shale formation. Therefore, proper drilling fluid is very advantageous for a stable borehole before or during well drilling. As an advanced testing instrument for scientific research and production, it can acquire the data of hydration and swelling process of clay shale under different pressure conditions.